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The Flyweight pattern is a software design pattern that is used to minimize memory usage by sharing data between multiple objects. It is a structural pattern that is used to manage large numbers of small, similar objects in an efficient way. The main idea behind the Flyweight pattern is to share common parts of objects between multiple instances, rather than creating new instances for each object. This can help to reduce memory usage and improve the performance of your code....

The Facade pattern is a software design pattern that provides a simplified interface to a complex system of classes, interfaces, and objects. It is a structural pattern that is used to hide the complexities of a subsystem and provide a unified interface to the client. The main idea behind the Facade pattern is to provide a simplified, high-level interface that shields the client from the details of the subsystem. The Facade object acts as a mediator between the client and the subsystem, and it provides a single point of entry to the subsystem’s functionality....

The Decorator pattern is a structural design pattern that allows behavior to be added to an individual object, either statically or dynamically, without affecting the behavior of other objects from the same class. It involves creating a decorator class that wraps an existing class and provides additional functionality, while still maintaining the original interface of the object. This pattern is useful when you need to add functionality to an object at runtime, or when you want to add functionality to a class without modifying its code....

The Composite pattern is a structural design pattern that allows you to compose objects into tree structures and represent part-whole hierarchies. It involves creating a common interface for both individual objects and groups of objects, and using recursion to traverse the object hierarchy. This pattern is useful when you need to work with complex hierarchies of objects and treat them uniformly. Example Here’s an example of how to implement the Composite pattern in Python:...

The Bridge pattern is a structural design pattern that decouples an abstraction from its implementation, allowing them to vary independently. It involves creating two separate hierarchies, one for the abstraction and one for the implementation, and using composition to link them together. This pattern is useful when you need to separate the interface of an object from its implementation, or when you need to support multiple implementations of an object....